Those are interesting questions. As for being outside it is hard to comprehend how adapted to their environment these dogs are. Their favorite "running" temperature is +20 to -20 degrees. Then factor in the body heat generated while running and the lower the temps sans major wind and they are warm as toast. Thus keeping them in a warmer environment works against their winter-weather conditioning. (Some dogs will wear coats if they tend to not have a thicker coat or if the wind is whipping.)
Some mushers do have shelters but usually for puppy whelping, females in heat, sick or injured dogs. Generally speaking a well run kennel will see the majority of dogs out exercising on a daily basis either mushing, swimming, running a treadmill etc. (It's actually a voluntary giant hamster wheel and some dogs, especially yong ones will have to be removed as they jsut keep running and running.) As for the chains many mushers have tried kennels and the dogs go bonkers BECAUSE they can't run and run - even if it's in circles they still get the adrenalin rush - these are extremely high energy dogs. I know Hugh Neff is experimenting with creating small packs within a kennel enclosure but I haven't heard how it's working for him.
And yes as with countless dogs across this country some kennels have dogs that don't get the needed exercise but most professional mushers understand and fulfill the needs of their wonderful doggies.
PS. I thought the same things when I first started following this sport...




